Goal:
To understand the physiology of cardiovascular system in health and disease state through journal reading and discussion. This includes the hormonal regulation, nerve control, ion transporting and mechanoreceptor function etc. in cardiovascular system. The consequences of hemodynamic changer, electric disorder and myocardial ischemia etc. well be emphasized in the course.

Outline:
1.Introduction
2.PH transporter in cardiac cells
3.Molecular characterization of ion channels in cardiac cells
4.Cardiovascular interaction
5.Myocardial ischemia, injury and infarction
6.Acute effect of ischemia on cardiac electrophysiology
7.Cardiac mechanoreceptors
8.Kallikrein-kinin system
9.ANP, BNP and CNP
10.Prostaglandin system
11.Cardiovascular rennin-angiotensin system
12.Cardiac tachyarrhythmia
13.Molecular basis of cardiac arrhythmia
14.Angiogenesis
15.Oxidative stress, inflammation and arteriosclerosis
16.Translational physiology